Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH) is a premier institute of science and technology established in 2008. IITH has been consistently ranked in the&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/reports/" rel="noopener noreferrer">top 10 institutes</a>&nbsp;in India for Engineering&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">according to NIRF</a>&nbsp;making it one of the most coveted schools for science and technology in the country.

IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/under-graduate/">undergraduate programs</a>&nbsp;in all the classical engineering disciplines, applied sciences, design, as well as several modern interdisciplinary areas. Students are given a flexibility to explore a broad set of areas, and potentially pursue a minor or double major in a discipline that is not their own. Students who wish to seek a deeper understanding of their own discipline are strongly encouraged to get involved in cutting-edge research with the help of a faculty to mentor them, and earn an Honors in their own field.

The very foundation of IIT Hyderabad is based on&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/">research and innovation</a>. The vibrant research culture is evident from the number of patents and publications that IITH produces consistently every year. IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/programmes-offered/">graduate programs</a>&nbsp;at both a masters, and a doctoral level, in several diverse areas. There are separate programs for technology, design, science, and liberal arts. The&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/post-graduate/">MTech program</a>&nbsp;is offered in various modes and durations to cater to the ever-growing need of postgraduate level professionals in the country.

IITH encourages and supports&nbsp;<a href="https://iic-iith.netlify.app/index.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">innovation and entrepreneurship</a>&nbsp;at every stage. The minor program in entrepreneurship is open to all students of IITH, and many of the courses are offered by industrialists who are entrepreneurs themselves. There are various&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/centres-incubators/">innovation centers and incubators</a>&nbsp;that promote entrepreneurship and help mentor young innovators. IITH has been very successful in building tie-ups with leading academic institutions around the globe.

IITH enjoys a very special relationship with Japanese universities and industries that goes beyond academic and research collaborations. In fact, some of the iconic buildings in IITH campus will carry the signature of Japanese architecture.

IITH creates a unique holistic ecosystem for education that offers interactive learning, a very flexible academic structure, cutting-edge research, strong industry collaboration, and entrepreneurship. This is an environment which enables students and faculty to translate their dreams into realities.

IIT Hyderabad

End-to-end text-to-speech synthesis systems achieved immense success in recent times, with improved naturalness and intelligibility. However, the end-to-end models, which primarily depend on the attention-based alignment, do not offer an explicit provision to modify/incorporate the desired prosody while synthesizing the speech. Moreover, the state-of-the-art end-to-end systems use autoregressive models for synthesis, making the prediction sequential. Hence, the inference time and the computational complexity are quite high. This paper proposes Prosody-TTS, a data-efficient end-to-end speech synthesis model that combines the advantages of statistical parametric models and end-to-end neural network models. It also has a provision to modify or incorporate the desired prosody at the finer level by controlling the fundamental frequency (f) and the phone duration. Generating speech utterances with appropriate prosody and rhythm helps in improving the naturalness of the synthesized speech. We explicitly model the duration of the phoneme and the f to have a finer level control over them during the synthesis. The model is trained in an end-to-end fashion to directly generate the speech waveform from the input text, which in turn depends on the auxiliary subtasks of predicting the phoneme duration, f, and Mel spectrogram. Experiments on the Telugu language data of the IndicTTS database show that the proposed Prosody-TTS model achieves state-of-the-art performance with a mean opinion score of 4.08, with a very low inference time using just 4 hours of training data. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

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Fulltext

Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing

Prosody-TTS: An End-to-End Speech Synthesis System with Prosody Control

Analysis of ponderomotive effects exciting from propagation of an intense laser pulse through high density quantum plasma under the influence of an axial magnetic field taking into consideration the spin-spin (up and down) exchange interaction. The effects of electron Fermi pressure, quantum Bohm potential, and electron spin have been included in the analysis. Spin polarization is a result of the concentration difference of opposite spin electrons which is produced under the influence of the applied magnetic field. Axial gradient of the ponderomotive potential of laser has been applied for the electron acceleration. An analytic solution of the electron energy gain is obtained and the influence of spin polarization is analyzed both numerically and analytically. It is observed that spin polarization, density perturbation and the magnetic field effect electron acceleration dramatically. Further, the effect of nonlinearity on the refractive index of plasma has been studied. © 2023 Astro Ltd.

Laser Physics

Ponderomotive effects in spin—polarized quantum plasma

The design and development of inexpensive, and extremely sensitive sensors for Hydroxylamine (HYA) are imperative due to its toxicity to animals, plants, and aquatic life. This work proposes a high-performance enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for HYA based on its oxidation on Nickel cobaltite (NCO) spinel-modified fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) electrode. Hydrothermally grown irregularly shaped NCO nanoparticles (NPs) of size around 10 nm are characterized by XRD, XPS, UV–visible, BET, and TEM to evaluate the structural and morphological characteristics. NCO-modified FTO (NCO@FTO) electro-oxidizes HYA at a potential of 0.66 V vs. Ag/AgCl, delivering 1.7 times the current response than bare FTO. The rich catalytically active redox couples of Ni and Co, high conductivity, and high surface area of the NCO NPs contribute to the superior electrochemical response of NCO@FTO. As an amperometric sensor, NCO@FTO detects HYA in a wide range of 10 to 4000 µM concentration with a high sensitivity of 408 μA mM−1 cm−2. The sensor has a detection limit of 0.47 μM (S/N = 3), faster response of less than 3 s, excellent selectivity, and good stability. The practical feasibility of the proposed sensor is investigated by employing it in the monitoring of real samples. This study demonstrates NCO@FTO as an efficient low-cost sensor for HYA and extends the use of spinel metal oxides in bioanalysis. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Department of Chemistry

Electrochimica Acta

High-performance amperometric detection of hydroxylamine on fluorine doped tin oxide electrode modified with NiCo2O4 nanoparticles

Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on VLSI Design

Message from the Publication Chairs

This paper presents the design and analysis of a recycling folded-cascode (RFC) OTA intended for any generic capacitive-feedback ECG amplifier. The gmID methodology is utilized for sizing the RFC OTA, to achieve the prime targets of ultra-low power consumption and low input referred noise. The improved RFC topology is used to achieve higher CMRR. A detailed noise analysis of the overall IA is also included. An account of the chief contributors to the IA’s overall noise and design techniques to minimize the same is incorporated. Implemented using UMC 0.18 μ m, the complete circuit consumes a power of 0.47 μ from a 1.8 V supply. The post-layout simulation results show that the designed circuit satisfies all essential specifications of an ECG acquisition system. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing

gm/ ID Sizing and analysis of a recycling folded-cascode OTA for ECG signal conditioning in 0.18 μ m CMOS technology

Square-root unscented Kalman filter (SRUKF) is a widely used state estimator for several state of-the-art, highly nonlinear, and critical applications. It improves the stability and numerical accuracy of the system compared to the non-square root formulation, the unscented Kalman filter (UKF). At the same time, SRUKF is less computationally intensive compared to UKF, making it suitable for portable and battery-powered applications. This paper proposes a low-complexity and power-efficient architecture design methodology for SRUKF presented with a use case of the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem. Implementation results show that the proposed SRUKF methodology is highly stable and achieves higher accuracy than the extensively used extended Kalman filter and UKF when developed for highly critical nonlinear applications such as SLAM. The design is synthesized and implemented on resource constraint Zynq-7000 XC7Z020 FPGA-based Zedboard development kit and compared with the state-of-the-art Kalman filter-based FPGA designs. Synthesis results show that the architecture is highly stable and has significant computation savings in DSP cores and clock cycles. The power consumption was reduced by 64 % compared to the state-of-the-art UKF design methodology. ASIC design was synthesized using UMC 90-nm technology, and the results for on-chip area and power consumption results have been discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Low-Complexity Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter Design Methodology

Channel State Information (CSI) Feedback plays a crucial role in achieving higher gains through beamforming. However, for a massive MIMO system, this feedback overhead is huge and grows linearly with the number of antennas. To reduce the feedback overhead several compressive sensing (CS) techniques were implemented in recent years but these techniques are often iterative and are computationally complex to realize in power-constrained user equipment (UE). Hence, a data-based deep learning approach took over in these recent years introducing a variety of neural networks for CSI compression. Specifically, transformer-based networks have been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance. However, the multi-head attention operation, which is at the core of transformers, is computationally complex making transformers difficult to implement on a UE. In this letter, we present a lightweight transformer named STNet which uses a spatially separable attention mechanism that is significantly less complex than the traditional full-attention. Equipped with this, STNet outperformed state-of-the-art models in some scenarios with approximately $1/10^{th}$ of the resources. © 2012 IEEE.

IEEE Wireless Communications Letters

A Spatially Separable Attention Mechanism for Massive MIMO CSI Feedback

Ultracapacitor-based energy storage systems are becoming increasingly popular as a secondary power source in Renewable energy and Electric Vehicle applications. The design of a well-tuned ultracapacitor-based energy storage system requires accurate characterization of its simplified electrical equivalent circuit. The existing approaches for estimating parameters of the simplified equivalent circuit rely on the initial slope of the ultracapacitor response, which can lead to inaccurate estimation. This work focuses on developing a simple and accurate linear regression-based approach for estimation of equivalent circuit parameters. We highlight some critical observations related to the equivalent circuit parameters of a simplified equivalent circuit of an ultracapacitor. In particular, this work indicates the non-uniqueness of capacitance during the charging and discharging modes. The characterization and analysis reported in this study are based on a 24 V laboratory prototype comprising 10 series-connected ultracapacitors. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

Journal of Energy Storage

Improved equivalent circuit characterization of an ultracapacitor for power electronic applications

Autonomous navigation, while still facing a lot of challenges, has become a reality in the last few years. It has been successfully deployed in limited environments, showing the potential such technologies offer. The availability of increased computational power, coupled with advances in machine learning techniques, including deep learning, have enabled this success. However, there are many challenges that need to be overcome to enable massive adoption of autonomous navigation in all environments. One such challenge is to provide reliable, low-latency, and cost-effective data processing solutions for compute-heavy applications. To address this challenge, data processing near the data source, that is, at an edge cloud has been proposed. In this paper, we share our experience in implementing one such edge cloud, designed to bring compute power close to resource-constrained end devices in an autonomous navigation testbed, named as Technology Innovation Hub on Autonomous Navigation and Data Acquisition Systems (TiHAN). By considering some use cases, we show how deploying this edge cloud at the testbed has greatly benefited the performance of autonomous navigation applications. © 2023 IEEE.

Department of Computer Science and Engineering

2023 15th International Conference on COMmunication Systems and NETworkS, COMSNETS 2023

Experience: Implementation of Edge-Cloud for Autonomous Navigation Applications

Synaptic devices promise drastically lower power consumption in artificial neural networks vis-à-vis CMOS memories. In this work, we have demonstrated MoS2 synaptic transistors in n-FET, p-FET, and inverter configurations. Accounting for device non-idealities, we have simulated the system-level performance for MLP and VGG-8 DNN architectures. DNNs are robust to non-idealities with ∼ 15% higher accuracy but at the cost of increased complexity as compared to MLPs. This work explores the complexity-accuracy trade-offs in ANNs for offsetting non-ideal device behavior. © 2023 IEEE.

7th IEEE Electron Devices Technology and Manufacturing Conference: Strengthen the Global Semiconductor Research Collaboration After the Covid-19 Pandemic, EDTM 2023