Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH) is a premier institute of science and technology established in 2008. IITH has been consistently ranked in the&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/reports/" rel="noopener noreferrer">top 10 institutes</a>&nbsp;in India for Engineering&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">according to NIRF</a>&nbsp;making it one of the most coveted schools for science and technology in the country.

IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/under-graduate/">undergraduate programs</a>&nbsp;in all the classical engineering disciplines, applied sciences, design, as well as several modern interdisciplinary areas. Students are given a flexibility to explore a broad set of areas, and potentially pursue a minor or double major in a discipline that is not their own. Students who wish to seek a deeper understanding of their own discipline are strongly encouraged to get involved in cutting-edge research with the help of a faculty to mentor them, and earn an Honors in their own field.

The very foundation of IIT Hyderabad is based on&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/">research and innovation</a>. The vibrant research culture is evident from the number of patents and publications that IITH produces consistently every year. IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/programmes-offered/">graduate programs</a>&nbsp;at both a masters, and a doctoral level, in several diverse areas. There are separate programs for technology, design, science, and liberal arts. The&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/post-graduate/">MTech program</a>&nbsp;is offered in various modes and durations to cater to the ever-growing need of postgraduate level professionals in the country.

IITH encourages and supports&nbsp;<a href="https://iic-iith.netlify.app/index.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">innovation and entrepreneurship</a>&nbsp;at every stage. The minor program in entrepreneurship is open to all students of IITH, and many of the courses are offered by industrialists who are entrepreneurs themselves. There are various&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/centres-incubators/">innovation centers and incubators</a>&nbsp;that promote entrepreneurship and help mentor young innovators. IITH has been very successful in building tie-ups with leading academic institutions around the globe.

IITH enjoys a very special relationship with Japanese universities and industries that goes beyond academic and research collaborations. In fact, some of the iconic buildings in IITH campus will carry the signature of Japanese architecture.

IITH creates a unique holistic ecosystem for education that offers interactive learning, a very flexible academic structure, cutting-edge research, strong industry collaboration, and entrepreneurship. This is an environment which enables students and faculty to translate their dreams into realities.

IIT Hyderabad

This article presents a dead-band compensated multiband stacked electromagnetic energy harvester for powering sensor nodes. It is adaptive for typical ambient radio frequency (RF) power levels found within the environment. A stage-stage feedforward technique is adopted in the proposed harvester to enhance the output voltage, in turn, harvested power and sensitivity. Moreover, a compensation circuit is included in the design for bypassing the inactive bands to avoid unexcited band rectifier diodes. A prototype is designed to cover four frequency bands GSM (900 and 1800 MHz), 4G-LTE (2.3 GHz), and Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz) and further integrated with a TI BQ25570 power converter. The analytical, simulated, and measured results show the increment in the output voltage with the frequency bands. The measured efficiency of the RF-to-dc converter is 44.2% at -20-dBm input power and 89% at 0 dBm. The efficiency is improved by 13% on average under dead-band compensation. With the multiband stacking, the harvester achieves a start-up voltage of 320 mV at -24 dBm and is found to be efficient to drive a temperature sensor STLM20 at -12-dBm input power. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

World University root node

IEEE Sensors Journal

A Stage-Stage Dead-Band Compensated Multiband RF Energy Harvester for Sensor Nodes

Traumatic Brain Injury, one of the significant causes of mortality and morbidity, affects worldwide and continues to be a diagnostic challenge. The most desirable and partially met clinical need is to simultaneously detect the disease-specific-biomarkers in a broad range of readily available body fluids on a single platform with a rapid, low-cost, ultrasensitive and selective device. Towards this, an array of interdigitated microelectrodes was fabricated on commercially existing low-cost single-side copper cladded printed-circuit-board substrate followed by the bioelectrodes preparation through covalent immobilization of brain injury specific biomarkers on carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes embedded polypyrrole nanocomposite modified interdigitated microelectrodes. Subsequently, the immunological binding events were transduced as the normalized change in bioelectrode resistance with and without the target analyte via current-voltage analysis. As proof of concept, current-voltage responses were primarily recorded using a conventional probe station, and later, a portable handheld-electronic-readout was developed for the point-of-care application. The data compilation and analysis were carried out using the in-house developed android-based mobile app. Notably, the smartphone powered the readout through a PL-2303 serial connector, avoiding integrating power sources with the readout. Further, this technology can be adapted to other point-of-care biosensing applications. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Bioelectrochemistry

Smartphone-powered, ultrasensitive, and selective, portable and stable multi-analyte chemiresistive immunosensing platform with PPY/COOH-MWCNT as bioelectrical transducer: Towards point-of-care TBI diagnosis

Lead-free materials with superior piezoelectric properties are gaining much interest due to their high performance and increased long-term sustainability. In this context, bismuth-based ternary oxides exhibit perovskite crystal structures with high piezoelectric coefficients and mechanical damping. Thus, in this work, we report a Bi2CuO4: Polydimethylsiloxane (BCO: PDMS) composite -based photoinduced-piezoelectric nanogenerator for harvesting weak mechanical vibrations which are abundant in the atmosphere. Notably, the BCO nanoparticles exhibit a highly crystalline tetragonal structure with 2D-nanoflake-like morphology providing a high surface area for the PENG applications. Further, the optical studies of BCO illustrate an enhanced absorption in the visible region with a bandgap of 2.5 eV. BCO: PDMS-based PENG displays a maximum open circuit voltage of 50 V and short circuit current of 300 nA upon application of 0.15 kgf vertical compressive force without any electrical poling. The PENG device exhibits an 18 % increment in output voltage upon illumination of visible light of 5 mW/cm2 intensity with superior photodetection properties. The obtained response can be attributed to the synergistic effect, i.e., the generation of exciton pairs upon illumination and separation of charge carriers due to the inbuilt piezoelectric field. Moreover, the PENG exhibits a distinct and accurate response for feeble and subtle frequencies in the range of 3–22 Hz such as atmospheric noise, and gravity hum noise. thus, proving the superior sensitivity. The fabricated PENG device displayed a stable response for 30 min of continuous vibration displaying superior cyclic stability. This work demonstrates a combination of perovskite crystalline material and PDMS leading to the development of high-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators with future scope in frequency detection systems for security and safety applications. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

Lead-free Bi2CuO4 interspersed into PDMS matrix-based bifunctional piezoelectric nanogenerator for vibrational energy harvesting and visible light photodetection applications

Abstract: In this study, we introduce the power planning architecture design for the implementation of Nanomagnetic Logic (NML) devices along with the proposed multi-phase local on-chip graphene integration and the clock design. To efficiently implement NML-based Integrated Chips augmenting CMOS toward rebooting computing, the major considerations are: on-board magnetic field (B-field) generation capacity, power planning, smart clustering, on-chip clock design, integration and its area occupancy. By performing Ansys Maxwell electromagnetic simulations, OOMMF micromagnetic simulations and theoretical modeling, we calculated the B-field generated by the sub-60 nm graphene wire and a group of such individual wires are further explored to propose the power planning architecture, design methodology. The proposed design along with the smart clustering enhances attenuation free data propagation as well as a reduction in the requirement of on-board resources to generate B-field for data propagation and computation in resource constrained applications. The proposed power planning architecture alongside multi-phase local on-chip graphene clock integration yields area efficient design for B-field generation to propagate data among nanomagnets for arithmetic computation. Graphical abstract: Power planning architecture design alongside parallel graphene fringe and its integration with nanomagnetic logic devices including detailed B-field and ohmic loss analysis[Figure not available: see fulltext.]. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.

Journal of Supercomputing

Graphene-based area efficient power planning architecture design methodology for nanomagnetic logic implementation

This letter presents the early identification of water stress in groundnut (GN) canopy using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral imaging (HSI) (in 385-1020 nm) and machine learning (ML) techniques. An efficient HSI data analysis pipeline was presented which includes image quality assessment (IQA), denoising, band selection (BS), and classification. A novel ML-based ensemble feature selection (FS) algorithm has been proposed for optimal water stress sensitive waveband selection. The data analysis pipeline and the selected bands were validated on HSI data acquired at two different water stress levels. Wavelengths 515.05, 552.16, 711.92, 724.75, and 931.92 nm were identified as optimal water stress sensitive bands in the GN canopy, using which we could identify early stress with 96.46% accuracy. The proposed data analysis pipeline and ensemble FS algorithm will benefit crop phenotyping applications such as early abiotic stress detection. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Machine Learning-Based Ensemble Band Selection for Early Water Stress Identification in Groundnut Canopy Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Imaging

The vast installation of the photovoltaic (PV) plants has necessitated bringing more flexibility to the PV power generation instead of the simple maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Certain flexible power point tracking (FPPT) techniques have already emerged to operate the PV array not only at the maximum power point (MPP) but also below the MPP. Similarly to the MPPT, the FPPT also needs special control techniques to operate under the partial shading condition. Apart from the local peak blockage problem, there is an issue of solution multiplicity in the FPPT. As there may be multiple equilibrium points for a specific power level, a procedure is needed to dynamically select the equilibrium at the highest voltage level so that the thermal stress on semiconductor devices can be minimized by maximizing the power conversion efficiency. The present work is undertaken to meet the particular objective. A metaheuristics assisted efficiency maximizing (MAEM) control algorithm is suggested to attain the desired power regulation under partial shading. A specific implementation of the MAEM control is shown for a two-stage PV system with due consideration for the duty ratio quantization effect. The proposed MAEM-FPPT control technique is thoroughly verified via both MATLAB simulations and practical experimentation. IEEE

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion

Metaheuristics Assisted Efficiency Maximizing Flexible Power Point Tracking of a Photovoltaic Array Under the Partial Shading

The adoption of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar panels and wind turbines is transforming the traditional energy grid into a more decentralized system, where microgrids are emerging as a key concept. Peer-to-Peer (P2P) energy sharing in microgrids enhances the efficiency and flexibility of the overall system by allowing the exchange of surplus energy and better management of energy resources. This work analyzes the impact of P2P energy sharing for three cases-within a microgrid, with neighbouring microgrids, and all microgrids combined together in a distribution system. A standard IEEE 123 node test feeder integrated with renewable energy sources is partitioned into microgrids. For P2P energy sharing between microgrids, the results show significant benefits in cost, reduced energy dependence on the grid, and a significant improvement in the system's resilience. We also predicted the energy requirement for a microgrid to evaluate energy resilience for the control and operation of the microgrid. Overall, the analysis provides valuable insights into the performance and sustainability of microgrids with P2P energy sharing. © 2023 IEEE.

2023 IEEE IAS Global Conference on Emerging Technologies, GlobConET 2023

A Resilient Power Distribution System using P2P Energy Sharing

Decarbonization, decentralization, and digitalization are the prominent paths for the energy sector in the future. The rise of smart meters across consumers, and industries led to a massive collection of fine-grained energy and electricity consumption-related data. A data science challenge is to analyze the Smart Meter data for the benefit of both the energy providers and the consumers. In this paper, An attempt has been made to analyze the smart meter collected from the IIT Hyderabad campus and presented the analysis into descriptive, predictive, and prescriptive analytics. The data collected from more than 50 meters over a period of one year have been analyzed and results obtained. Interesting trends such as the impact of COVID-19 on campus energy consumption have been examined. The framework for energy data analytics presented in this paper will be useful for any campus in general, and the recommendations presented will save energy expenses. © 2023 IEEE.

2023 IEEE PES Conference on Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Middle East, ISGT Middle East 2023 - Proceedings

Smart Meter Data Analytics for Building Monitoring System: A Case Study

Proofs of some theorems related to cyclic quadrilaterals are provided using coordinate geometry and trigonometry. Through this approach, constructions and proofs using contradiction are avoided. © 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology

Algebraic proofs for converse theorems for a cyclic quadrilateral

MIL-STD-1553B bus is widely used as a primary bus in many avionics, satellite and military applications. As the number of subsystems increasing on the 1553B bus, increases complexities in the communications due to interdependency. Operational testing of these systems during system integration is a challenging task and requires data from multiple systems. Thus, the availability and readiness of subsystems are essential. In the absence of subsystems, 1553B based Remote Terminal (RT) simulator hardware can act as a real-time system to replicate the functionality of the individual subsystem. Hardware and development cost of the system goes high with the number of RTs to simulate in current scenario. The proposed solution describes the design of simulating 32 RTs using a single 1553B node and introduces a four node 1553B card based on ARTIX FPGA, which simulates 4x32 RTs. It is compact, low-cost and low power solution for providing real-time 1553B RT communication, which meets requirements of an avionics application to large extent. © 2023 IEEE.