Department of Electrical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH) is a premier institute of science and technology established in 2008. IITH has been consistently ranked in the&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/reports/" rel="noopener noreferrer">top 10 institutes</a>&nbsp;in India for Engineering&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">according to NIRF</a>&nbsp;making it one of the most coveted schools for science and technology in the country.

IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/under-graduate/">undergraduate programs</a>&nbsp;in all the classical engineering disciplines, applied sciences, design, as well as several modern interdisciplinary areas. Students are given a flexibility to explore a broad set of areas, and potentially pursue a minor or double major in a discipline that is not their own. Students who wish to seek a deeper understanding of their own discipline are strongly encouraged to get involved in cutting-edge research with the help of a faculty to mentor them, and earn an Honors in their own field.

The very foundation of IIT Hyderabad is based on&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/">research and innovation</a>. The vibrant research culture is evident from the number of patents and publications that IITH produces consistently every year. IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/programmes-offered/">graduate programs</a>&nbsp;at both a masters, and a doctoral level, in several diverse areas. There are separate programs for technology, design, science, and liberal arts. The&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/post-graduate/">MTech program</a>&nbsp;is offered in various modes and durations to cater to the ever-growing need of postgraduate level professionals in the country.

IITH encourages and supports&nbsp;<a href="https://iic-iith.netlify.app/index.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">innovation and entrepreneurship</a>&nbsp;at every stage. The minor program in entrepreneurship is open to all students of IITH, and many of the courses are offered by industrialists who are entrepreneurs themselves. There are various&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/centres-incubators/">innovation centers and incubators</a>&nbsp;that promote entrepreneurship and help mentor young innovators. IITH has been very successful in building tie-ups with leading academic institutions around the globe.

IITH enjoys a very special relationship with Japanese universities and industries that goes beyond academic and research collaborations. In fact, some of the iconic buildings in IITH campus will carry the signature of Japanese architecture.

IITH creates a unique holistic ecosystem for education that offers interactive learning, a very flexible academic structure, cutting-edge research, strong industry collaboration, and entrepreneurship. This is an environment which enables students and faculty to translate their dreams into realities.

IIT Hyderabad

In this paper, we have proposed a low complexity architecture of the Single Channel Independent Component Analysis Algorithm (SCICA) targeted for remote cardiac health monitoring by introducing the concept of coordinate rotation. The ECG is widely used for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases, and in remote healthcare applications, it is necessary to obtain clean ECG data by separating noise from the obtained signal. Independent Component Analysis is popularly used to solve the signal separation problem, however it requires as many signal sensors as the number of independent signals involved, and also requires the number of signals involved to be known a priori. This is not always possible in remote healthcare environments and thus, this motivates us to explore the use of the SCICA algorithm which requires only one input sensor for signal separation. SCICA is computationally intensive and thus there is a need for a low-complexity implementation of the algorithm for the development of healthcare devices. The proposed architecture is validated in terms of functionality and computational complexity and it has been observed that its performance compares favorably with the conventional algorithm. © 2013 IEEE.

World University root node

Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS

Coordinate rotation based low complexity architecture for 3D Single Channel Independent Component Analysis

Fragmented QRS (f-QRS) has been found to have higher sensitivity and/or specificity values for several diseases including remote and acute myocardial infarction, cardiac sarcoidosis etc, compared to other conventional bio-markers viz. Q-wave, ST-elevation etc. Several of these diseases do not have a reliable bio-marker and hence, patients suffering from them have to undergo expensive and sometimes invasive tests for diagnosis viz. myocardial biopsy, cardiac catheterization etc. This paper proposes automation of fragmentation detection which will lead to a more reliable diagnosis and therapy reducing human error, time consumption and thereby alleviating the need of enormous training required for detection of fragmentation. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect the discontinuities present in QRS complex of standard 12-lead ECG, known as fragmented QRS, using Discrete Wavelet transform (DWT) targeting both hospital-based and remote health monitoring environments. Fragmentation Detection Algorithm (FDA) was designed and modeled using PhysioNet's PTBDB and upon reiterative refinements it successfully detected all discontinuities in the QRS complex. The QRS complexes of 31 patients obtained randomly from PhysioNet's PTBDB were examined by two experienced cardiologists and the measurements obtained were compared with the results of our proposed FDA leading to 89.8% agreement among them. © 2013 IEEE.

Methodology for automated detection of fragmentation in QRS complex of Standard 12-lead ECG

Conventional digital IC computer-aided design (CAD) and automation flow incorporates hierarchical methodology following the Gajski Chart. Such methodology uses separate front end and backend CAD tools in complex and incremental steps, incurring increased design time and higher non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs. In this paper, we propose a novel and unified methodology merging the front end and backend without requiring the front end CAD tool usage. Moreover, the complexity of hierarchical design steps is drastically reduced by mapping the input register-transfer level (RTL) description directly to their corresponding physical designs, derived using the existing CAD tools and stored in pre-computed technology libraries. To reduce the size and storage of these libraries, negation-permutation-negation (NPN) classes have been used throughout. As a result, our proposed methodology offers advantages in terms of significantly reduced NRE costs and time-to-market. To demonstrate these advantages, extensive case studies have been carried out using benchmark circuits. Our experimental results and analysis show that these advantages achieved without limiting our methodology to number of input variables in a function using precomputed technology libraries with 1030 circuits only. © 2013 IEEE.

Proceedings - 4th International Symposium on Electronic System Design, ISED 2013

A novel and unified digital IC design and automation methodology with reduced NRE cost and time-to-market

A new scheme for nine-level voltage space-vector generation for medium-voltage induction motor (IM) drives with open-end stator winding is presented in this paper. The proposed nine-level power converter topology consists of two conventional three-phase two-level voltage source inverters powered by isolated dc sources and six floating-capacitor-connected H-bridges. The H-bridge capacitor voltages are effectively maintained at the required asymmetrical levels by employing a space vector modulation (SVPWM) based control strategy. An interesting feature of this topology is its ability to function in five-or three-level mode, in the entire modulation range, at full-power rating, in the event of any failure in the H-bridges. This feature significantly improves the reliability of the proposed drive system. Each leg of the three-phase two-level inverters used in this topology switches only for a half cycle of the reference voltage waveform. Hence, the effective switching frequency is reduced by half, resulting in switching loss reduction in high-voltage devices. The transient as well as the steady-state performance of the proposed nine-level inverter-fed IM drive system is experimentally verified in the entire modulation range including the overmodulation region. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

A nine-level inverter topology for medium-voltage induction motor drive with open-end stator winding

In this paper we consider a multi-user spatial multiplexing (SM) cellular network, where Nt streams are transmitted to Nt users in the cell. Specifically, we obtain the coverage and rate expressions for a system employing zero-forcing (ZF) receiver. Compared to single stream transmission (SST), it is interesting to see that SM degrades the rate for a notable percentage of users. For the case of two and four receiver antennas, the increase in mean rate of SM is modest compared to single stream transmission (SST) while SST provides a gain over SM for cell edge users. © 2013 IEEE.

IEEE International Conference on Communications

Coverage and rate in cellular networks with multi-user spatial multiplexing

Number of lithium-based oxide ceramics in Li-Al-Si-O system were synthesized by solid-state reaction route using Li2CO3, Al2O3, and SiO2. The progress of the reaction was monitored using thermogravimetry. A model-free approach was employed to fit the temperature versus mass loss data. Heat capacities were measured as a function of temperature using differential scanning calorimetry. Variation of lithium/silicon ratio resulted in change in heat capacity and average crystallite size in each compound. © 2012 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary.

Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry

Solid-state synthesis and heat capacity measurements of ceramic compounds LiAlSiO4, LiAlSi2O6, LiAlSi3O 8, and LiAlSi4O10

Large size single crystals of 1% Ce doped Li6Gd(BO 3)3 oriented in the &lt;010&gt; direction have been grown using the Czochralski technique. The Transparency of these crystals was over 85%. The photoluminescence study of these crystals revealed that the emission at 313 nm corresponding to Gd3+ centers do exist even at high cerium concentration and affects the decay profile of the Ce3+ centers. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.

AIP Conference Proceedings

Effect of Ce concentration on optical properties of Li 6Gd(BO3)3 single crystals

In recent years, telecardiology has been growing in significance, due to the shortage of local caregivers in various parts of the world. As the cardiac data volume grows, compact representation becomes imperative in view of bandwidth, storage, power and other constraints. In this backdrop, we present empirical studies on electrocardiogram (ECG) signal representation using a wide variety of wavelet bases. Specifically, we arrange the transform coefficients in decreasing order of magnitude, and count the number of coefficients accounting for 99% of the signal energy (a sparser representation requires less number). We observe that 'Symlet' and 'Daubechies' families generally offer more compact representation compared to Meyer wavelet as well as biorthogonal and reverse biorthogonal families. In particular, the sparsest representation is provided by the 'sym4' (closely followed by the 'db4') wavelet basis for a broad class of ECG signals. Interestingly, this behavior is observed quite consistently across all fifteen (twelve standard and three Frank) leads. Our study assumes significance in the context of basis selection for various ECG signal processing applications, including compression, denoising and compressive sensing. © 2013 CCAL.

Computing in Cardiology

On the sparsest representation of electrocardiograms

With the growing ubiquity of digital record keeping, succinct representation of ECG signals subject to a reconstruction accuracy level assumes significance. In this regard, inadequacy of Fourier analysis is well known, whereas relative efficacy of wavelet representation has recently been demonstrated. In this backdrop, we propose a novel hybrid technique that improves upon wavelet methods. We observe that the larger share of ECG signal energy is contained in a low-pass band, which admits an efficient Fourier representation, whereas the remainder of the signal comprises of temporally localized features, compactly represented by wavelets. Accordingly, we propose a hybrid Fourier/wavelet technique that efficiently exploits both the low-pass and the high-pass components. Finally, using signals derived from ANSI/AAMI EC13 test waveforms (standard for testing medical equipments), we demonstrate lower volume of encoded data required by the proposed technique to achieve a target approximation accuracy in comparison to both pure Fourier and pure wavelet strategies. © 2013 IEEE.

2013 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Computing and Control, ISPCC 2013

A hybrid Fourier/wavelet technique for improved ECG signal approximation

Cyclostationary detection is considered as one of the major methods for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio. But due to cyclic frequency mismatch the performance degrades as the sensing time increases. In this paper we propose block based cyclostationary detection which overcomes the sensitivity of traditional cyclostationary detection to cyclic frequency mismatch. Theoretical analysis of block based cyclostationary detection is presented which shows that there is an optimal block length for which the performance is best. Simulation results corroborating the theoretical analysis are then presented. © 2013 IEEE.