Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad (IITH) is a premier institute of science and technology established in 2008. IITH has been consistently ranked in the&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/reports/" rel="noopener noreferrer">top 10 institutes</a>&nbsp;in India for Engineering&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nirfindia.org/2021/EngineeringRanking.html" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">according to NIRF</a>&nbsp;making it one of the most coveted schools for science and technology in the country.

IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/under-graduate/">undergraduate programs</a>&nbsp;in all the classical engineering disciplines, applied sciences, design, as well as several modern interdisciplinary areas. Students are given a flexibility to explore a broad set of areas, and potentially pursue a minor or double major in a discipline that is not their own. Students who wish to seek a deeper understanding of their own discipline are strongly encouraged to get involved in cutting-edge research with the help of a faculty to mentor them, and earn an Honors in their own field.

The very foundation of IIT Hyderabad is based on&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/research/">research and innovation</a>. The vibrant research culture is evident from the number of patents and publications that IITH produces consistently every year. IITH offers&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/programmes-offered/">graduate programs</a>&nbsp;at both a masters, and a doctoral level, in several diverse areas. There are separate programs for technology, design, science, and liberal arts. The&nbsp;<a href="https://iith.ac.in/academics/post-graduate/">MTech program</a>&nbsp;is offered in various modes and durations to cater to the ever-growing need of postgraduate level professionals in the country.

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IITH enjoys a very special relationship with Japanese universities and industries that goes beyond academic and research collaborations. In fact, some of the iconic buildings in IITH campus will carry the signature of Japanese architecture.

IITH creates a unique holistic ecosystem for education that offers interactive learning, a very flexible academic structure, cutting-edge research, strong industry collaboration, and entrepreneurship. This is an environment which enables students and faculty to translate their dreams into realities.

IIT Hyderabad

An attempt has been made to study the evolution of texture in high-purity Ni and Ni-5 at. pct W alloy prepared by the powder metallurgy route followed by heavy cold rolling (∼95 pct deformation) and recrystallization. The deformation textures of the two materials are of typical pure metal or Cu-type texture. Cube-oriented ({001} {100}) regions are present in the deformed state as long thin bands, elongated in the rolling direction (RD). These bands are characterized by a high orientation gradient inside, which is a result of the rotation of the cube-oriented cells around the RD toward the RD-rotated cube ({013} {100}). Low-temperature annealing produces a weak cube texture along with the {013} {100} component, with the latter being much stronger in high-purity Ni than in the Ni-W alloy. At higher temperatures, the cube texture is strengthened considerably in the Ni-W alloy; however, the cube volume fraction in high-purity Ni is significantly lower because of the retention of the {013} {100} component. The difference in the relative strengths of the cube, and the {013} {100} components in the two materials is evident from the beginning of recrystallization in which more {013} {100} -oriented grains than near cube grains form in high-purity Ni. The preferential nucleation of the near cube and the {013} {100} grains in these materials seems to be a result of the high orientation gradients associated with the cube bands that offer a favorable environment for early nucleation. © 2010 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.

Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering

World University root node

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science

Evolution of deformation and recrystallization textures in high-purity Ni and the Ni-5 at. pct W alloy

The formation of recrystallization texture has been studied in a sintered Ni-5 at.% W alloy after heavy cold rolling (∼95%) and annealing. Although the cold-rolled texture is a typical pure metal or Cu-type deformation texture on a global scale, variations in microstructure and microtexture are found in the deformed material between locally sheared regions and away those from these regions. The primary recrystallization texture consists of the cube ({1 0 0}〈0 0 1〉), a RD-rotated cube ({0 1 3}〈1 0 0〉) and twin-related orientations of these two components. The presence of both cube and the RD-rotated orientations are identified in thin bands of materials in the deformed matrix. However, predominantly cube-oriented grains nucleate and grow in regions away from the locally sheared regions. In contrast, the nucleation and growth of non-cube grains are observed in the vicinity of locally sheared regions. The formation of cube texture in Ni-5 at.% W alloy appears to occur primarily via the oriented nucleation of cube grains owing to the special properties of the cube bands. © 2009 Acta Materialia Inc.

Acta Materialia

Cold rolling and recrystallization textures of a Ni-5 at.% W alloy

The evolution of texture in pure aluminum subjected to monotonous and reversal deformation in high-pressure torsion was first clarified. In a low-strain regime the texture development is similar for both deformation modes, while significantly different behavior is observed at high strain levels. The monotonously deformed materials showed typical torsion textures. In contrast, strain reversal results in development of texture components not observed for simple shear deformation. © 2009 Acta Materialia Inc.

Scripta Materialia

Texture evolution in pure aluminum subjected to monotonous and reversal straining in high-pressure torsion

All the SPD techniques introduce reversal straining principally, but effects of the reversal deformation on structure evolution were not studied directly yet. In the present work, an attempt was made to manage structure in pure (99.99%) Al by strain reversal through high pressure torsion (HPT). Total accumulated deformation up to equivalent strain ∼8 was used. General trend of the grain refinement is similar for both deformation modes; and it is typical with all other SPD processed FCC metals. At the same time, the difference in micro structure evolution at the vicinity of the specimen axis and with increasing distance in the radial direction introduces microstructural heterogeneities which are specific features of the reversal straining. In the monotonie deformation process the A ({111}〈011〉) fiber is gradually substituted by the C component ({0 0 1}〈 1 1 0〉) with increasing strain before it is found to weaken. In the reverse straining process the A fiber is found to dominate the deformation texture in the low strain region. In the reverse straining process at high strain level, a {001}〈100〉 component appear. © 2008 Trans Tech Publications.

Materials Science Forum

Reversal straining to manage structure in pure aluminum under SPD

Possibility of preparing Ni base multilayer tapes having configurations Ni (outer layer)/Ni-5at.%W(core) and Ni/Ni-5at.%W(core)/Ni through a powder metallurgy route has been investigated for use as coated superconductor substrate applications. Development of cube texture ({100}<00l>) after heavy cold rolling (∼95% reduction in thickness) and annealing was studied in the Ni side(s) of these multilayer Ni tapes and this was compared and contrasted to a monolithic unalloyed Ni tape prepared from the same elemental powder. Interestingly, the sharpness of the cube texture was found to be significantly enhanced on the Ni side(s) of the multilayer tapes as compared to the monolithic Ni tape although the deformation textures of these materials do not reveal any perceptible difference, qualitatively as well as quantitatively. The increased texture sharpness on the Ni sides(s) of the tapes coincides with significant diffusion of W from the alloy side to the Ni side(s) which is confirmed from the cross sectional EDS analyses of the multilayer tapes. These observations indicate the beneficial effect of W in enhancing the cube volume fraction in Ni. The difference in orientations of early recrystallized grains of Ni and Ni-W alloys has been suggested to be the possible reason behind the observed difference in the enhanced cube texture sharpness in the Ni side(s) of the multilayer tapes.

Ceramic Transactions

Development of cube texture in cold-rolled and annealed multilayer tapes for coated superconductor applications

An innovative powder metallurgy based technique has been investigated to fabricate multilayer tapes having configurations Ni/Ni-5 at.% W and Ni/Ni-5 at.% W/Ni for use as mechanically strong and textured substrates for coated superconductor applications. Development of cube texture ({0 0 1}〈1 0 0〉) following heavy cold rolling (∼95%) and annealing has been studied in the Ni side(s) of these multilayer tapes and this has been compared to a monolithic Ni tape. The deformation textures in the Ni side(s) of the tapes are found to be quite similar to that of monolithic Ni strained to similar level of deformation. However, the cube texture upon annealing has been found to be significantly stronger in the Ni side(s) of the multilayer tapes as compared to the monolithic Ni tape after different annealing treatments. Cross-sectional EDS analyses in form of X-ray area mapping of the multilayer tapes reveal significant diffusion of W from the alloy side to the Ni side(s). All these facts amply demonstrate the beneficial role of the alloying element W on the development of cube texture in Ni. Finally, the mechanical properties of the multilayer tapes have been evaluated to ascertain their suitability in the actual application scenario. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Materials Science and Engineering A

Texture and mechanical properties of cold deformed and annealed multilayer Ni base substrate tapes prepared by a powder metallurgy route

Ni/Ni-5at.%Mo and Ni/Ni-5at.%Mo/Ni multilayer tapes were prepared from elemental powders by a powder metallurgy route for coated superconductor substrate applications. The development of cube texture ({001} 〈100〉) following heavy cold rolling (∼95%) and annealing has been studied in the Ni side(s) of these multilayer tapes and compared to a nonalloyed Ni tape. Although the deformation textures in the Ni side(s) of these multilayer tapes appear quite similar to that of the nonalloyed Ni tape cold rolled to a similar deformation level, the volume fraction of the cube grains in the Ni side(s) of the multilayer tapes following annealing shows marked improvement as compared to the nonalloyed Ni tape after different annealing treatments. X-ray area mapping from typical cross-sectional areas of the multilayer compacts in the sintered condition reveals significant diffusion of the alloying element Mo from the alloy side(s) to the Ni side. These facts amply corroborate the earlier observation on the beneficial role of Mo on the development of cube texture in Ni. The yield strength of the annealed multilayer tapes shows marked improvement over nonalloyed Ni tapes. © 2008 IEEE.

IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Processing and characterization of Ni base coated superconductor substrate tapes with layered architecture

Development of textures have been studied in powder metallurgically prepared pure Ni and Ni-5 at.% W alloy after heavy cold rolling (∼95% reduction in thickness) and annealing for use as substrates for coated superconductor applications. The cold rolling textures of the two materials do not show any significant difference. However, Ni-5 at.% W alloy is found to develop a much sharper cube texture after annealing which indicate the beneficial role of W in increasing the cube volume fraction in Ni. W increases the volume fraction of the cube component by decreasing the volume fraction of the rolling direction (RD)-rotated cube grains. Partial recrystallization studies clearly indicate that in contrast to pure Ni sharp cube oriented grains form in Ni-5 at.% W alloy right from the beginning of recrystallization. A near 100% cube texture is obtained in Ni-5 at.% W alloy by an optimized two stage rolling (TSR) procedure followed by annealing at 1350 °C. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of processing variables on cube texture formation in powder metallurgically prepared Ni and Ni-W alloy tapes for use as substrates for coated conductor applications

The development and status of Ni base alloy substrate tapes for coated superconductor applications have been reviewed. Rolling assisted Biaxially Textured Substrates or RABiTSTM method comprising cold rolling and annealing of Ni gives rise to sharp cube texture ({100} 〈100〉) component which is required for subsequent epitaxial growth of the buffer and YBCO layers. However, pure Ni seems to be rather unsuitable for this purpose since its mechanical strength as well as the stability of the cube texture deteriorate at the deposition temperature of YBCO. Refractory metals, particularly, W and Mo hold the potential to be used as micro-alloying element to impart strength as well as to preserve the cube texture and maintain its stability at high temperatures. Cr and V at higher alloying level are suited for non-magnetic applications. Recent works have suggested the possibility of using substrates with multilayer architecture and this needs to be investigated further. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.

Journal of Materials Science

Nickel base substrate tapes for coated superconductor applications

The development of cube texture after heavy cold rolling (95%) and annealing has been studied in pure Ni, Ni-5 at% W and Ni-5 at% Mo alloys. The two Ni alloys develop a much sharper cube texture compared to pure Ni, thus indicating the beneficial effect of W or Mo addition. W and Mo enhance the cube texture intensity in Ni by decreasing the volume fraction of the rotated cube grains. The impact of W and Mo addition is seen from a very early stage of recrystallization, where rotated cube grains form in pure Ni as opposed to sharp cube-oriented grains in the two Ni alloys. The results negate the widely perceived theory of 'detrimental effect of impurities' on the development of cube texture.

Philosophical Magazine

Enhancement of cube texture in Ni by the addition of W or Mo

The evolution of grain boundaries in pure Ni has been studied after sintering at 900, 1100 and 1300 °C. It is found that the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries remains more or less constant over this sintering temperature range. However, the fraction of random boundaries decreases and that of Σ3 boundaries increases with increasing sintering temperature. The observations on grain boundary character distribution are found to correlate well with the accompanying microstructural changes. © 2006 Acta Materialia Inc.

Effect of sintering temperature on grain boundary character distribution in pure nickel

Development of cube texture after heavy cold deformation and annealing has been studied in powder metallurgically prepared pure Ni, Ni-5at.%Mo and Ni-5at.%W alloys for use as substrates for coated superconductor applications. Two grades of Ni powder with different purities have been used to prepare the initial materials. Addition of W and Mo is found to be beneficial in increasing the volume fraction of the cube component, irrespective of the purity of the Ni powder used. W particularly increases the volume fraction of the cube component in Ni by decreasing the volume fraction of the RD (rolling direction)-rotated cube grains. Studies on partially recrystallized samples indicate that in contrast to pure Ni, in Ni-5at.%W alloy the recrystallized grains are mostly cube oriented right from the beginning of recrystallization. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications

Recrystallization textures of powder metallurgically prepared pure Ni, Ni-W and Ni-Mo alloy tapes for use as substrates for coated superconductors

Pure Ni, Ni-5at.%Mo and Ni-5at.%W prepared through P/M route have been severely cold deformed (∼95%) and given different heat treatments to develop sharp cube component ({001}〈100〉) for coated superconductor applications. It was found that amongst the three materials studied, Ni-5at%W develops the most sharp cube texture. This is in contrary to the observation in similar materials produced by the melting and casting route.

Cube texture formation in P/M Ni, Ni-W and Ni-Mo alloy tapes for coated superconductor applications

Development of textures after heavy cold rolling (∼95%) and annealing were studied in powder metallurgically prepared pure Ni, Ni-5at.%W and Ni-5at.%Mo alloys. It has been found that W and Mo additions to Ni are beneficial for the development of sharp cube texture, although W has a much more pronounced effect than Mo. © 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.