This case study based on in plant survey in a paper and board factory discusses the nature of individual as well as combined wastes including flow measurement. The laboratory studies on the treatment of waste showed that Plain settling for 2 hr reduces the BOD of the combined and paper machine wastes by 39 and 42% and the suspended solids to 74 and 77% respectively. Treatment with lime sludge was not found to be very effective in reducing either the color or the BOD. The combined waste was amenable to treatment in both anaerobic lagoon and aerated lagoon after the addition of nutrients (N, P) in sufficient quantities. Based on the treatment studies, various treatment alternatives suiting local conditions along with cost analysis and land requirement for each treatment system were prepared and presented in this paper.