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Titania and mixed titania/aluminum, gallium, or indium oxide spheres: Sol-gel/template synthesis and photocatalytic properties
, D.G. Shchukin, E. Ustinovich, M. Antonietti, R.A. Caruso
Published in
2005
Volume: 15
   
Issue: 2
Pages: 239 - 245
Abstract
Porous polymer beads have been used as templates in which sol-gel chemistry was conducted for the formation of porous titanium dioxide and titania/aluminum, gallium, or indium oxide spheres. The addition of 5,10, and 15 wt.-% of the second metal oxide to titania was studied, resulting in little variation in the final porous-sphere diameter, but in a decreased titania nanocrystal size and an increased specific surface area of the material. The crystallinity of the samples was observed after heating at 550, 750, and 950°C as anatase to rutile phase transitions became apparent and peaks from the added metal oxide were observed with the increase in temperature. Photocatalytic decomposition of 2-chlorophenol was monitored in the presence of the titania and titania/metal-oxide spheres showing that a 5 wt.-% addition of the second metal oxide gave best photocatalytic results for all the metal oxides studied. At a pH of 6 the pure titania spheres were less photocatalytically active than the Degussa P25 titania, however the mixed titania/5 wt.-% metal-oxide samples were more active than the standard in the order In (least active), Ga, then Al (most active). Variation of the solution pH (between pH 2 and 10) had little influence on the photocatalytic activity of the titania/5 wt-% aluminum oxide material, more effect on the titanium/5 wt. % gallium oxide, and the most pronounced effect on the titanium/5 wt.-% indium oxide, with increased activity at higher pH values. The adsorption of pyridine to the titania samples containing the second metal oxide indicated the presence of Lewis-acid sites. © 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
About the journal
JournalAdvanced Functional Materials
ISSN1616301X