The hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of vegetable oil and fatty acid is extremely important for the sustainable production of diesel-range hydrocarbons. The present work depicts the role of Ni/Mo (mole) in the performance of alumina-supported NiMo catalysts for the HDO of stearic acid. Both Ni and NiMo alloy coexist in the NiMo catalysts depending on the Ni and Mo content. With increasing Ni/Mo (mole), the NiMo alloy content in the catalyst increases with the simultaneous decrease in the Ni content. The activity of NiMo catalysts thus enhances with increasing Ni/Mo (mole). The reaction follows a decarbonylation route over Ni sites and a HDO route over NiMo alloy species. C 17 and C 18 alkanes are thus observed as the dominating hydrocarbon product over Ni and NiMo alloy-rich catalysts, respectively. The activity of the NiMo catalyst further enhances with increasing reaction temperature and metal (Ni + Mo) loading. The selectivity to alkanes was, however, not affected by metal loading. A suitable kinetic model was further established based on the reaction mechanism to relate the kinetic data. © 2019 American Chemical Society.