Three-dimensional (3D) printing is rising as a booming technology for the fabrication of scaffolds, orthoses, prostheses, and implants in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and rehabilitation. This is due to the potential of 3D printing to develop patient-specific products, complex structural features, and low-cost rapid fabrication. Yet, due to the lack of ideal biomaterials, polymers, hydrogels, and functional bioinks, the acceptance of this technology for translational medicine is still limited. Hence, there is an enormous effort to develop novel composites with tunable biomechanical characteristics, degradation, and bioactivity. As a result, polymeric composites have re-emerged and are widely researched to widen the choice of materials and redefine the use of materials for specific applications using 3D printing. This chapter reviews the polymeric composites and blends with their inherent unique properties to circumvent the narrowed choice of materials. Various popular 3D printing techniques that are most preferred to print these polymeric composites were also discussed. The chapter also highlights the current challenges and possible solutions for material selection to expand the available material library for 3D printed biomedical applications. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.