Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a vital industrial process to produce liquid hydrocarbons, which involves converting syngas (CO + H 2) into hydrocarbons using heterogeneous catalysts, consisting of transition metals, such as Co, Fe, or Ru. The resulting hydrocarbons found many applications such as fuels, lubricants, and valuable chemicals. This chapter summarizes the significance of graphene-based supports (graphite, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide) for developing various mono-and bimetallic catalysts for FTS reaction. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.