Diabetes is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world, and blood glucose monitoring is a crucial part of diabetes management. This needs the development of more precise, sensitive, and fast glucose biosensors. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have gotten a lot of attention in recent years because of their potential as a biosensor. MNPs are an excellent biosensor due to a variety of qualities such as higher surface area, biocompatibility, and high sensitivity, as well as their ability to be coupled with other nanostructures. Numerous metal and metal oxide nanoparticles each with its own set of advantages and disadvantages are currently being applied to develop more efficient biosensors. The aim of this chapter is to highlight recent developments in metal nanoparticle-based glucose biosensors and their mechanisms of action. © 2023 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.