Herbal biomolecules (HBs) are plant components with discrete biological activities and therapeutic potentials. Historically these molecules were used in traditional medicinal systems for the treatment of various ailments. Ongoing research on ethnobotanical use of these HBs provide a scientific rationale for their use as potential nutraceuticals. This chapter reviews such plant-based bioactive molecules that can be used as food supplements and nutraceuticals. “Nutraceuticals” is a broad term that sums up all the food products with general health to prevent and treat any disease conditions. These products have generated great demand all over the world. The global market of nutraceuticals is estimated to be 198.7 billion USD in 2016, increasing with a 7.5% compound annual growth rate. This chapter also focuses on a diverse range of plant-based bioactive nutraceuticals based on their food sources, their pharmacological activities, and chemicals. Upon further development, these materials can yield efficient nutraceuticals agents that can contribute to society’s better health. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.