Polymers reinforced with nanofillers, containing the particle size in the range of 1–100 nm at least in one dimension, are attractive materials with wide-ranging applications in microelectronics, aerospace engineering, automotive industry, bioengineering, etc. Metal/ceramic nanoparticles, clay, carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and graphene are the commonly used nanofillers to fabricate polymer-based nanocomposites. Graphene is of particular interest because of its exceptional electrical, thermal, mechanical, and surface area properties, which, in association with the synergistic effects of graphene and polymer components, can assist to develop promising polymer-graphene nanocomposites. This chapter therefore aims to provide an overview of the methods developed for the fabrication of polymer-graphene nanocomposites, such as solvent and melt blending methods, in situ polymerization, layer-by-layer assembly, etc. In addition, the properties of polymer-graphene nanocomposites with that of their individual components are discussed, which may provide useful information for the design of novel polymer-graphene nanocomposites with desirable properties. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021.