The green transportation fuels (green gasoline, green diesel, and green jet fuel) (GTF) derived from biomass are quite similar to the petroleum-derived transportation fuels and compatible with existing petroleum refinery infrastructures and combustion engines. The present chapter provides an outline of the various routes for the production of GTF from biomass. In general, the biomass is converted to GTF through thermochemical, chemical, biochemical, and platform chemical-based routes. The current chapter presents an outline of thermochemical conversion processes such as biomass gasification, liquefaction, and pyrolysis and chemical conversion process such as hydrodeoxygenation of triglycerides. The ethanol to gasoline and butanol to gasoline are two important biochemical conversion processes for the production of GTF and discussed in the present chapter. The present chapter also provides an outline of the production of GTF and fuel additives from the platform chemicals such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, and levulinic acid. © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.