Biomaterials have advanced from merely interacting with the body to controlling biological processes toward the goal of tissue regeneration. In order to reconstitute a new tissue or repair a damaged/diseased tissue, three components are critical for regenerative medicine or tissue engineering: cells, biomaterials as scaffold substrates, and growth factors. Thus, the design and selection of materials and the methods used for scaffold fabrication play a very important role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Recent developments in biofabrication strategies have created enormous possibilities for the construction of biomimetic 3D scaffolds, where well-defined architectures can be generated with suitable surface chemistry using appropriate materials. This chapter summarizes the materials used for the fabrication of scaffolds, the different types of scaffold manufacturing processes, and the basics of the various tissue-specific scaffolds used in regenerative medicine. © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.