Biomass is the only carbon-neutral renewable resource for the sustainable production of biofuels. There are three types of biofuels: traditional, hydrocarbon, and fuel additives. Traditional biofuels, such as biodiesel, bio-ethanol, and bio-butanol, contain oxygen in their structure and are therefore limited to mixing with transportation fuels. Hydrocarbon biofuels are similar to existing transportation fuels and well-suited with unmodified combustion engines. This chapter covers various routes for the production of the hydrocarbon biofuels, such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of triglycerides, fast pyrolysis followed by HDO of bio-oil, Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, oligomerization of bio-olefins, and HDO of condensed products from C–C bond forming reactions. Several biomass-derived compounds are also suitable for mixing with transportation fuels to a certain extent, known as fuel additives: γ-valerolactone, furanic compounds, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, alkyl levulinates, glycerol acetal, and dimethyl ether. This chapter describes the production of these fuel additives from methanol and platform chemicals. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.